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Current developments in the manufacturing and utilization of granulated blast furnace slag

• 1 Worldwide production of cement, crude steel, hot...

• 2 Changes in the crude steel production rate in...

• 3 Monthly production rates of crude steel, hot...

• 4 Draining off the blast furnace slag

• 5 Transformation of a melt into glass [27]

• 6 Formation of top crust in the slag ladle of a...

• 7 Modern granulating plant [28]

• 8 Effect of granulation water temperature on the...

• 9 Effect of granulation water temperature on the...

• 10 “Freezing” of a state of higher disorder due to...

• 11 Glass contents in individual GBFS fractions

• 12 Granulation in the melt laboratory of the FEhS...

• 13 Dynamic viscosity of blast furnace slag as a...

• 14 Effect of viscosity on the granulation...

• 15 GBFS with low basicity produced in the lab...

• 16 Strength development of a blast furnace cement...

• 17 Superficially “bonded” GBFS particles after...

• 18 Contradiction between Blaine value and “real”...

• 19 “Flow tracks” in a ground GBFS particle (1830...

• 20 “Flow tracks” in a ground GBFS particle (1940...

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Summary: Due to the necessity to reduce CO₂ emissions in cement making the partial substitution of cement clinker by granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) has become established. This article deals comprehensively with the granulation process of GBFS as well as with the effects of the granulating process on the properties of GBFS. However, the properties of GBFS may further be optimized in the cement plant, mainly during the grinding process. In the future also artificial slags or slags from other technical processes with suitable properties could perhaps be used as clinker substitutes.

Because of its latent-hydraulic properties, granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) has been employed as a cement component and as a concrete additive for more than 100 years. Formed from liquid blast furnace slag, it is a by-product of hot metal production in blast furnaces and thus of the steel manufacturing process. 65  % of all the steel manufactured worldwide comes from the blast furnace/LD converter while only 35  % is produced by the electric furnace process. GBFS is created by the dispersion and extremely rapid cooling of liquid blast furnace slag by means of water or air...