Twittern

Disruptive substances and the burning ­behaviour of solid alternative fuels

• 1 Proportion of the thermal heat demand in %...

• 2 Clinker granule produced under reducing burning...

• 3 Phenomenological trial with solid alternative...

• 4 Analytical classifier from Bückmann GmbH + Co....

• 5 Suspension fractionation by classification of...

• 6 Mass distribution as a cumulative curve after...

• 7 Simplified sequence of the conversion of solid...

• 8 Molar H/C and O/C ratios of fuels [6]

• 9 Grinding principle in the air-whirl-mill

• 10 Pressed biomass ground at about 200 °C (sample...

• 11 Biomass before (d₅₀: 3200 µm; left) and after...

• 12 First test with hard pellets: It resulted in a...

• 13 Ignition delay of different materials according...

• 14 Possible plant configuration for using solid...

• Solid alternative fuel for the cement industry

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Summary: The increasing requirement to use alternative fuels means that rotary cement kilns are being converted to the use of calciners and multi-fuel burners. However, the production of alternative fuels and the process technology must be matched even better to one another if the application rates are to be increased further without affecting the product or the emissions. This includes the fact that the alternative fuels must be characterized and appropriately processed not only chemically in accordance with the requirements of pollution control but also in accordance with the objectives of the thermal utilization process. This article describes the preliminary work and tests involved with the air-whirl-mill. Initial investigations into various pulverized alternative fuels have shown speeds of ignition and conversion that have previously been found only with pulverized coal and lignite.

Due to the continuing fluctuations in the price of energy and the debate on sustainable conservation of resources, the German cement industry has managed to decrease its overall energy demand continuously through technical optimization [1]. It has also increased the use of alternative fuels still further under pressure from German policy with the implementation of the ban on landfilling untreated waste (Technical Instructions) in 2005.

After the first oil crisis there was initially a changeover from oil to coal and, because of their high energy contents and relative ease of...